裝載機(jī)維護(hù)保養(yǎng)實(shí)用指南主要包括以下方面：
　　The practical guide for maintenance and upkeep of loaders mainly includes the following aspects:
　　一、新車走合保養(yǎng)
　　1、 New car running in maintenance
　　新車走合階段約需60小時(shí)，在此期間務(wù)必遵循以下要求：
　　The new car's closing phase takes about 60 hours, during which the following requirements must be followed:
　　研讀說(shuō)明書(shū)：認(rèn)真閱讀裝載機(jī)說(shuō)明書(shū)，牢記其中的每一項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)，這是正確操作與保養(yǎng)裝載機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)。
　　Read the manual carefully: Carefully read the loader manual and remember every note in it, which is the foundation for correct operation and maintenance of the loader.
　　合理?yè)跷慌c載重：前進(jìn)擋、后退擋應(yīng)均勻安排走合，且在走合期內(nèi)裝載重量不得超過(guò)額定載重的70%，避免過(guò)度負(fù)荷對(duì)新機(jī)器造成損傷。
　　Reasonable gear and load: The forward and reverse gears should be evenly arranged for engagement, and the loaded weight during the engagement period should not exceed 70% of the rated load to avoid damage to the new machine caused by excessive load.
　　關(guān)注潤(rùn)滑情況：密切注意機(jī)器的潤(rùn)滑狀況，嚴(yán)格按規(guī)定時(shí)間更換或添加潤(rùn)滑油，確保各部件得到良好潤(rùn)滑，減少摩擦磨損。
　　Pay close attention to the lubrication condition of the machine, replace or add lubricating oil strictly according to the prescribed time, ensure that all components are well lubricated, and reduce friction and wear.
　　監(jiān)控部件溫度：經(jīng)常檢查變速箱、變矩器、前后橋、輪轂以及制動(dòng)鼓的溫度，一旦出現(xiàn)過(guò)熱現(xiàn)象，立即找出原因并排除，防止因高溫引發(fā)部件損壞或性能下降。
　　Monitoring component temperature: Regularly check the temperature of the gearbox, torque converter, front and rear axles, wheel hubs, and brake drums. Once overheating occurs, immediately identify the cause and eliminate it to prevent component damage or performance degradation caused by high temperatures.
　　選擇合適物料與操作方式：走合期間以裝載松散物料為宜，操作時(shí)應(yīng)平穩(wěn)緩和，不得過(guò)猛過(guò)急，減少對(duì)機(jī)器的沖擊。
　　Choose appropriate materials and operating methods: During the closing process, it is advisable to load loose materials, and the operation should be smooth and gentle, without excessive force or urgency, to reduce the impact on the machine.
　　檢查電器系統(tǒng)：檢查電器系統(tǒng)各部件溫度及連接情況，確認(rèn)發(fā)電機(jī)供電狀態(tài)正常，燈光照明等功能完好，保障裝載機(jī)的電氣安全與正常使用。
　　Check the electrical system: Check the temperature and connection of each component of the electrical system, confirm that the power supply status of the generator is normal, the lighting and other functions are intact, and ensure the electrical safety and normal use of the loader.
　　緊固關(guān)鍵部件螺栓：全面檢查裝載機(jī)各關(guān)鍵部件（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、橋箱變、輪輞、傳動(dòng)軸等）螺栓、螺母的緊固情況，防止因螺栓松動(dòng)引發(fā)安全事故。
　　Tighten the bolts of key components: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the tightening of bolts and nuts of various key components of the loader (engine, axle box transformer, wheel rim, transmission shaft, etc.) to prevent safety accidents caused by loose bolts.
　　走合期滿后的保養(yǎng)：走合期滿后，清洗變速箱油底殼濾網(wǎng)并更換新油，同時(shí)更換發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋油，為裝載機(jī)后續(xù)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行奠定基礎(chǔ)。
　　Maintenance after the running in period: After the running in period, clean the transmission oil pan filter and replace it with new oil, while changing the engine oil and drive axle oil, laying the foundation for the stable operation of the loader in the future.
　　二、定期保養(yǎng)階段
　　2、 Regular maintenance phase
　　1. 每天（或每10小時(shí)）保養(yǎng)
　　1. Daily (or every 10 hours) maintenance
　　繞機(jī)目視檢查有無(wú)異常、三漏（漏油、漏水、漏氣）現(xiàn)象，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在問(wèn)題。
　　Visually inspect the machine for any abnormalities or leaks (oil, water, or air), and promptly identify potential issues.
　　檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油油位、燃油箱油量、水箱水位、制動(dòng)液量，確保各油液和水位處于正常范圍。
　　Check the engine oil level, fuel tank level, water tank level, and brake fluid level to ensure that all fluids and water levels are within the normal range.
　　檢查燈光及儀表，保證照明正常與儀表顯示準(zhǔn)確，以便及時(shí)掌握裝載機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)。
　　Check the lighting and instruments to ensure normal illumination and accurate instrument display, in order to timely grasp the working status of the loader.
　　檢查輪胎氣壓及各鉸接點(diǎn)的潤(rùn)滑情況，保障輪胎正常使用與各關(guān)節(jié)靈活轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
　　Check the tire pressure and lubrication of each hinge point to ensure the normal use of the tire and the flexible rotation of each joint.
　　檢查關(guān)鍵部位螺栓的緊固情況，預(yù)防因螺栓松動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的故障。
　　Check the tightening of bolts in key areas to prevent malfunctions caused by loose bolts.
　　2. 每半月（或每100小時(shí)）保養(yǎng)
　　2. Maintenance every half month (or every 100 hours)
　　重復(fù)每天檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，加強(qiáng)日常檢查力度。
　　Repeat daily inspection items and strengthen daily inspection efforts.
　　清洗柴油箱加油濾網(wǎng)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸頭及變矩器油冷卻器，保持燃油和冷卻系統(tǒng)的清潔。
　　Clean the diesel tank fuel filter, engine cylinder head, and torque converter oil cooler to maintain the cleanliness of the fuel and cooling system.
　　更換前、后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋齒輪油，確保驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的良好潤(rùn)滑與正常運(yùn)行。
　　Replace the front and rear drive axle gear oil to ensure good lubrication and normal operation of the drive axle.
　　3. 每個(gè)月（或每250小時(shí)）保養(yǎng)
　　3. Monthly (or every 250 hours) maintenance
　　重復(fù)半月檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，持續(xù)監(jiān)控裝載機(jī)狀態(tài)。
　　Repeat the half month inspection project and continuously monitor the status of the loader.
　　檢查輪輞固定螺栓的擰緊力矩，防止輪輞松動(dòng)。
　　Check the tightening torque of the wheel rim fixing bolts to prevent the wheel rim from loosening.
　　檢查前后橋油位，及時(shí)補(bǔ)充或更換油液。
　　Check the oil level of the front and rear axles, and promptly replenish or replace the oil.
　　檢查工作裝置、前后車架各受力焊縫是否有裂紋，保障結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度與作業(yè)安全。
　　Check whether there are cracks in the stress welds of the working device and the front and rear frames to ensure structural strength and operational safety.
　　檢查調(diào)整腳制動(dòng)及緊急停車制動(dòng)，確保制動(dòng)性能可靠。
　　Check and adjust the foot brake and emergency parking brake to ensure reliable braking performance.
　　重點(diǎn)檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)：檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)風(fēng)扇皮帶、壓縮機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)皮帶松緊及損壞情況，及時(shí)調(diào)整或更換皮帶；檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)空氣濾清器服務(wù)指示器，若指示器黃色活塞升到紅色區(qū)域，應(yīng)清洗或更換空氣濾清器濾芯，保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣清潔。
　　Key inspection of engine: Check the tightness and damage of the engine fan belt, compressor and generator belt, and adjust or replace the belt in a timely manner; Check the air filter service indicator of the engine intake system. If the yellow piston of the indicator rises to the red area, the air filter element should be cleaned or replaced to ensure the cleanliness of the engine intake.
　　4. 每三月（或每500小時(shí)）保養(yǎng)
　　4. Maintenance every three months (or every 500 hours)
　　重復(fù)每月檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，鞏固維護(hù)效果。
　　Repeat monthly inspection items to consolidate maintenance effectiveness.
　　檢查緊固前后橋與車架連接螺栓，增強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性。
　　Check and tighten the bolts connecting the front and rear axles to the frame to enhance structural stability.
　　更換發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油并更換機(jī)油濾芯，保持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部清潔。
　　Change the engine oil and replace the oil filter element to keep the interior of the engine clean.
　　檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣門間隙及清洗柴油箱加油及吸油濾網(wǎng)，優(yōu)化發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能。
　　Check the engine valve clearance and clean the fuel and oil suction filter of the diesel tank to optimize engine performance.
　　檢查轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，測(cè)量方向盤(pán)的空行程，保障轉(zhuǎn)向精準(zhǔn)靈活。
　　Check the steering system, measure the idle stroke of the steering wheel, and ensure precise and flexible steering.
　　5. 每半年（或每1000小時(shí)）保養(yǎng)
　　5. Maintenance every six months (or every 1000 hours)
　　重復(fù)每三個(gè)月檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，持續(xù)保障裝載機(jī)各部件良好狀態(tài)。
　　Repeat the inspection items every three months to continuously ensure that all components of the loader are in good condition.
　　檢查更換變速箱油，清洗濾油器及油底殼，維持變速箱正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
　　Check and replace the transmission oil, clean the oil filter and oil pan, and maintain the normal operation of the transmission.
　　檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況，更換發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的柴油濾清器，保證燃油供應(yīng)質(zhì)量。
　　Check the operation of the engine, replace the diesel filter of the engine, and ensure the quality of fuel supply.
　　檢測(cè)各種溫度表、壓力表，確保儀表準(zhǔn)確性，以便及時(shí)監(jiān)控裝載機(jī)工作參數(shù)。
　　Detect various temperature and pressure gauges to ensure their accuracy, in order to monitor the working parameters of the loader in a timely manner.
　　更換驅(qū)動(dòng)橋齒輪油和液壓油箱的回油濾芯，保障驅(qū)動(dòng)橋與液壓系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。
　　Replace the return oil filter of the drive axle gear oil and hydraulic oil tank to ensure stable operation of the drive axle and hydraulic system.
　　檢查制動(dòng)加力器，更換剎車油，確保制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)安全可靠。
　　Check the brake booster, replace the brake oil, and ensure the safety and reliability of the braking system.
　　6. 每年（或每2000小時(shí)）保養(yǎng)
　　6. Annual (or every 2000 hours) maintenance
　　重復(fù)每半年檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，加強(qiáng)全面檢查。
　　Repeat the inspection items every six months and strengthen comprehensive inspections.
　　按柴油機(jī)說(shuō)明書(shū)對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行檢修，恢復(fù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能。
　　Perform engine maintenance according to the diesel engine manual to restore engine performance.
　　更換變速器及前、后橋用油、液壓油，更新各系統(tǒng)油液。
　　Replace the transmission, front and rear axle oil, hydraulic oil, and update the oil in each system.
　　檢查腳制動(dòng)及停車制動(dòng)工作情況，必要時(shí)拆卸檢查摩擦片磨損情況，保障制動(dòng)效果。
　　Check the working condition of the foot brake and parking brake, and if necessary, disassemble and inspect the wear of the friction plate to ensure the braking effect.
　　清洗檢查制動(dòng)加力器密封件和彈簧，更換制動(dòng)液，檢查制動(dòng)靈敏性，確保制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)安全可靠。
　　Clean and inspect the sealing components and springs of the brake booster, replace the brake fluid, check the braking sensitivity, and ensure the safety and reliability of the braking system.
　　通過(guò)測(cè)量油缸的自然沉降量，檢查分配閥及工作油缸的密封性，檢查轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的靈活性，保障液壓與轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)正常工作。
　　By measuring the natural settlement of the oil cylinder, checking the sealing of the distribution valve and working oil cylinder, checking the flexibility of the steering system, and ensuring the normal operation of the hydraulic and steering systems.
　　檢查工作裝置、車架、輪輞各焊縫情況，確保結(jié)構(gòu)完整性與安全性。
　　Check the welding seams of the working device, frame, and wheel rim to ensure structural integrity and safety.
　　三、使用注意事項(xiàng)
　　3、 Precautions for use
　　冬季啟動(dòng)與防護(hù)：冬季（一般氣溫在-5℃以下）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)前進(jìn)行預(yù)熱，待預(yù)熱到30~40℃以上再行起動(dòng)，保護(hù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)免受低溫?fù)p傷。水箱中要加注防凍液（冬季不使用防凍液的車輛，每天機(jī)器不工作時(shí)必須將水箱、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)體、暖風(fēng)機(jī)中的冷卻水全部放掉），防止水箱和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)凍裂。
　　Winter start-up and protection: Preheat the engine before starting in winter (generally below -5 ℃), and wait until it reaches 30-40 ℃ or above before starting to protect the engine from low temperature damage. Antifreeze should be added to the water tank (for vehicles that do not use antifreeze in winter, the cooling water in the water tank, engine body, and heater must be drained every day when the machine is not working) to prevent the water tank and engine from freezing and cracking.
　　禁止私自改裝：嚴(yán)禁用戶私自對(duì)裝載機(jī)進(jìn)行改裝，因改裝引起的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題廠家概不負(fù)責(zé)，避免因不規(guī)范改裝導(dǎo)致裝載機(jī)性能下降或出現(xiàn)安全隱患。
　　Prohibition of unauthorized modification: Users are strictly prohibited from modifying the loader without authorization. The manufacturer is not responsible for any quality problems caused by modification, in order to avoid the performance degradation or safety hazards of the loader caused by non-standard modification.
　　柴油質(zhì)量要求：裝載機(jī)使用的柴油必須純凈并經(jīng)過(guò)至少72小時(shí)的沉淀，柴油牌號(hào)應(yīng)符合規(guī)定要求，保證燃油供應(yīng)質(zhì)量，防止因柴油雜質(zhì)過(guò)多引發(fā)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障。
　　Diesel quality requirements: The diesel used by the loader must be pure and have been precipitated for at least 72 hours. The diesel grade should meet the specified requirements to ensure the quality of fuel supply and prevent engine failure caused by excessive diesel impurities.
　　油液清潔要求：變速箱、變矩器使用的液力傳動(dòng)油，液壓系統(tǒng)使用的液壓油必須清潔，防止雜質(zhì)進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，損壞部件或影響系統(tǒng)性能。
　　Oil cleaning requirements: The hydraulic transmission oil used in the gearbox and torque converter, as well as the hydraulic oil used in the hydraulic system, must be clean to prevent impurities from entering the system, damaging components, or affecting system performance.
　　溫度控制：柴油機(jī)出水溫度高于60℃，機(jī)油溫度高于50℃才允許全負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。作業(yè)時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫及機(jī)油溫度不超過(guò)95℃，變矩器油溫不超過(guò)120℃，由于重載作業(yè)油溫超過(guò)允許值時(shí)應(yīng)停車?yán)鋮s，避免因溫度過(guò)高損壞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、變速箱等關(guān)鍵部件。
　　Temperature control: Full load operation is only allowed when the outlet water temperature of the diesel engine is above 60 ℃ and the oil temperature is above 50 ℃. During operation, the engine water temperature and oil temperature should not exceed 95 ℃, and the torque converter oil temperature should not exceed 120 ℃. If the oil temperature exceeds the allowable value during heavy load operation, the vehicle should be stopped for cooling to avoid damaging key components such as the engine and transmission due to high temperature.
　　功率修正：裝載機(jī)所用的柴油機(jī)，其功率會(huì)隨海拔高度、環(huán)境溫度和相對(duì)溫度的增加而降低，在使用裝載機(jī)時(shí)，必須注意當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境狀況，按《柴油機(jī)使用保養(yǎng)說(shuō)明書(shū)》中功率修正表中的要求，得出柴油機(jī)在當(dāng)?shù)貭顩r下的實(shí)際功率，以便合理安排作業(yè)任務(wù)，避免發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載。
　　Power correction: The power of the diesel engine used in the loader will decrease with the increase of altitude, ambient temperature, and relative temperature. When using the loader, it is necessary to pay attention to the local environmental conditions and obtain the actual power of the diesel engine under local conditions according to the requirements of the power correction table in the "Diesel Engine Use and Maintenance Manual", in order to arrange work tasks reasonably and avoid engine overload.
　　通過(guò)嚴(yán)格遵循上述裝載機(jī)的走合保養(yǎng)、定期保養(yǎng)要求以及使用過(guò)程中的注意事項(xiàng)，能夠有效延長(zhǎng)裝載機(jī)的使用壽命，提高其工作可靠性與安全性，為各類工程作業(yè)提供有力的設(shè)備保障。
　　By strictly following the requirements for running in maintenance, regular maintenance, and precautions during use of the loader, the service life of the loader can be effectively extended, its reliability and safety can be improved, and strong equipment support can be provided for various engineering operations.
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