瀝青混凝土分為兩層：50厚中粒式瀝青混凝土AC-20、30厚細(xì)粒式混凝土AC-13。在瀝青拌和站購買瀝青混凝土拌合料，10t自卸汽車運輸，采用熱拌、熱鋪的施工方法。瀝青面層施工順序：基層清理→測量放線→灑透層油→攤鋪機(jī)→汽車運輸混合料至施工現(xiàn)場→攤鋪機(jī)攤鋪中粒式瀝青砼→整平碾壓→攤鋪細(xì)粒式瀝青砼→驗收→開放交通。

　　Asphalt concrete is divided into two layers: 50 thick medium grained asphalt concrete AC-20 and 30 thick fine-grained concrete AC-13. Purchase asphalt concrete mixture at the asphalt mixing plant, transport it by 10t dump truck, and use the construction method of hot mixing and hot laying. The construction sequence of asphalt surface layer: base cleaning → measurement and setting out → spraying of penetrating oil → paving machine → transportation of mixture by truck to the construction site → paving of medium grained asphalt concrete by paving machine → leveling and rolling → paving of fine-grained asphalt concrete → acceptance → opening to traffic.

　　施工要點如下：

　　The key points of construction are as follows:

　　1、施工準(zhǔn)備

　　1. Construction preparation

　?。?）機(jī)械準(zhǔn)備：路面施工前所有機(jī)械都應(yīng)進(jìn)行試運轉(zhuǎn)，加足油料，壓路機(jī)還應(yīng)將水箱加滿水，各種機(jī)械在連續(xù)施工一段時間后，應(yīng)進(jìn)行必要的維修。

　　(1) Mechanical preparation: Before road construction, all machinery should undergo a trial run, add sufficient fuel, and the roller should also fill the water tank with water. After continuous construction for a period of time, various machinery should undergo necessary maintenance.

　?。?）其他小型工具準(zhǔn)備：主要是耙子、手推車、烙鐵、夯錘、瀝青桶、燃煤等，攤鋪機(jī)專用的測墩、測釬、鋼絲繩，掛線用的線軸、緊線器也應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備完畢。

　　(2) Preparation of other small tools: mainly rake, handcart, soldering iron, rammer, asphalt bucket, coal, etc. The dedicated measuring pier, measuring rod, steel wire rope for the paver, as well as the wire spool and tensioner for hanging the line should also be prepared.

　?。?）人員準(zhǔn)備：瀝青路面施工速度較快，施工中需連續(xù)作業(yè)。施工前必須對所有作業(yè)人員進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分工，定員定崗，對每個崗位的施工人員做好技術(shù)交底，使每個人都了解自己的工作內(nèi)容，都能緊張有秩序地工作。對于機(jī)械操作人員，在上崗前要著重進(jìn)行交底，使他們明白操作程序和操作方法，杜絕在現(xiàn)場操作中的隨意性。現(xiàn)場指揮人員必須頭腦冷靜并具有權(quán)威性，避免多頭指揮，在施工前，現(xiàn)場指揮人員必須確定并給予一定的權(quán)利，在施工中，出現(xiàn)各種情況都應(yīng)通過現(xiàn)場指揮人員進(jìn)行處理，以免造成混亂。

　　(3) Personnel preparation: The construction speed of asphalt pavement is fast, and continuous operation is required during construction. Before construction, detailed division of labor must be carried out for all workers, with fixed personnel and positions. Technical instructions must be given to each construction worker in each position, so that everyone understands their work content and can work in a tense and orderly manner. For mechanical operators, it is important to conduct a thorough briefing before starting work to ensure they understand the operating procedures and methods, and to prevent any arbitrariness during on-site operations. On site command personnel must be calm and authoritative, avoiding multiple commands. Before construction, on-site command personnel must determine and give certain rights. During construction, all situations should be handled by on-site command personnel to avoid confusion.

　?。?）路面基層清理：實踐證明基層清理工作的好壞對于瀝青砼與基層粘結(jié)的影響極大，必須清理干凈，不能有絲毫馬虎，清理方法以人工清掃為主，

　　(4) Road base cleaning: Practice has proven that the quality of base cleaning work has a great impact on the bonding between asphalt concrete and base. It must be cleaned thoroughly without any carelessness, and the cleaning method is mainly manual cleaning,

　　2、施工測量

　　2. Construction surveying

　　施工測量是路面施工技術(shù)中較關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)，施工測量的精度直接影響到攤鋪機(jī)攤鋪質(zhì)量。我們堅持“雙控”制度，即經(jīng)理部和作業(yè)隊兩級控制，路線中點由導(dǎo)線點用精密測距儀導(dǎo)入橋梁、涵洞等結(jié)構(gòu)物之上，施工用水準(zhǔn)點均用三等水準(zhǔn)測量從導(dǎo)線點導(dǎo)入工地永久性電信井、橋梁等結(jié)構(gòu)物上，測量資料應(yīng)統(tǒng)一計算，測放測墩、測釬及鋼絲繩的人員應(yīng)固定。攤鋪高程由攤鋪機(jī)傳感器在測墩或測釬上拴掛的直徑為2mm的鋼絲繩上拖拉傳感器測棒進(jìn)行控制。測墩每10m一個，在曲線半徑較小處和超高處應(yīng)加密，每5m一個。

　　Construction measurement is a crucial part of road construction technology, and the accuracy of construction measurement directly affects the paving quality of the paver. We adhere to the "dual control" system, which includes two-level control by the management department and the operation team. The midpoint of the route is guided from the guide point to the bridge, culvert and other structures using precision rangefinders, and the construction leveling points are measured using third-order leveling from the guide point to the permanent telecommunication wells, bridges and other structures on the construction site. The measurement data should be calculated uniformly, and the personnel responsible for surveying, laying, surveying piers, surveying rods and steel wire ropes should be fixed. The paving elevation is controlled by dragging the sensor measuring rod on a 2mm diameter steel wire rope tied to the measuring pier or measuring rod by the paver sensor. Test piers should be spaced every 10 meters, and at smaller curve radii and super high points, they should be densified every 5 meters.

　　3、封層

　　3. Seal coat

　　在基層上鋪筑瀝青砼面層時，應(yīng)噴灑透層油。透層油可采用油水比4：6或3：7的乳化瀝青，透層油的灑布量應(yīng)控制準(zhǔn)確，多灑和少灑都不利于粘結(jié)質(zhì)量。透層油灑布前，應(yīng)在基層上先灑一遍水，待水滲入基層表面后再進(jìn)行乳化瀝青的灑布并在鋪筑瀝青砼前預(yù)留一段時間讓其自行滲入，人工撒布石屑和粗砂，用輕型壓路機(jī)滾壓一遍，在瀝青面層攤鋪前應(yīng)保證封層表面清潔無污物。

　　When laying asphalt concrete surface layer on the base, a prime coat should be sprayed. The interlayer oil can be emulsified asphalt with an oil-water ratio of 4:6 or 3:7. The spraying amount of the interlayer oil should be accurately controlled, and excessive or insufficient spraying is not conducive to the bonding quality. Before spraying the prime coat, water should be sprayed on the base layer first. After the water seeps into the surface of the base layer, emulsified asphalt should be sprayed, and a period of time should be reserved for it to self infiltrate before laying the asphalt concrete. Stone chips and coarse sand should be manually spread, and a lightweight roller should be used to roll it once. Before laying the asphalt surface layer, the surface of the seal layer should be kept clean and free of dirt.

　　4、拌和

　　4. Mixing

　　在拌和時應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制瀝青及各種礦料的用量及拌和溫度，拌和站拌制的混合料應(yīng)均勻一致，無花白料、無結(jié)團(tuán)成塊或粗細(xì)骨料分離現(xiàn)象，不符合要求時不得使用，并應(yīng)及時調(diào)整。

　　During mixing, the dosage and mixing temperature of asphalt and various mineral materials should be strictly controlled. The mixture mixed at the mixing station should be uniform, without any white material, clumping or separation of coarse and fine aggregates. If it does not meet the requirements, it should not be used and should be adjusted in a timely manner.

　　5、瀝青砼運輸

　　5. Asphalt concrete transportation

　　運輸瀝青砼的車輛應(yīng)事先在車斗上刷機(jī)油以防瀝青粘結(jié)，涂刷機(jī)油最好采用噴霧器，以便噴撒均勻。運輸車上應(yīng)備有苫布以防運輸途中遇雨和氣溫較低時瀝青散熱太快，瀝青的運輸時間不宜超過一個小時，否則會因溫度損失太多而影響瀝青砼的施工質(zhì)量。

　　Vehicles transporting asphalt concrete shall brush engine oil on the vehicle body in advance to prevent asphalt adhesion. It is better to use spray to brush engine oil so as to spray evenly. Transport vehicles should be equipped with tarpaulins to prevent rapid heat dissipation of asphalt during transportation in case of rain and low temperatures. The transportation time of asphalt should not exceed one hour, otherwise it will affect the construction quality of asphalt concrete due to excessive temperature loss.

　　6、瀝青砼攤鋪

　　6. Asphalt concrete paving

　　瀝青砼的攤鋪是路面施工的關(guān)鍵工序之一。攤鋪工藝為：攤鋪機(jī)就位→運料車卸料→螺旋輸送器送料→熨平板加熱整平→壓路機(jī)壓實。

　　The paving of asphalt concrete is one of the key processes in road construction. The paving process is as follows: the paver is in place → the material truck unloads the material → the screw conveyor feeds the material → the ironing plate is heated and leveled → the roller compacts.

　　攤鋪機(jī)就位應(yīng)以測量標(biāo)高為準(zhǔn)，將熨平板用薄木板墊起，調(diào)整到合適的高度。運料車應(yīng)停在距攤鋪機(jī)料斗前約30～50cm處，用手閘制動后，由攤鋪機(jī)向前頂住汽車后輪并向前移動時開始起斗卸料，運料車沖撞攤鋪機(jī)，將使攤鋪機(jī)向后移動而造成攤鋪完的瀝青砼起拱，破壞路面的平整度。如果將瀝青砼卸出攤鋪機(jī)料斗，散落在攤鋪面上，即使清理干凈，落入攤鋪機(jī)履帶下的石子也會將攤鋪機(jī)墊起而影響攤鋪平整度。

　　The placement of the paver should be based on the measured elevation, and the ironing board should be supported with thin wooden boards and adjusted to the appropriate height. The material transport vehicle should be parked about 30-50cm in front of the hopper of the paver. After braking with the handbrake, the paver should push forward against the rear wheel of the vehicle and move forward to start unloading. If the material transport vehicle collides with the paver, it will cause the paver to move backward, resulting in the arching of the asphalt concrete after paving and damaging the smoothness of the road surface. If asphalt concrete is unloaded from the hopper of the paver and scattered on the paving surface, even if it is cleaned up, the stones falling under the paver tracks will still cushion the paver and affect the smoothness of the paving.

　　因此，任何倒車時沖撞攤鋪機(jī)頂桿和不拉手閘就卸料而把瀝青砼卸在攤鋪機(jī)前的情況，都應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是運輸司機(jī)的重大失誤。運料車卸料后，攤鋪機(jī)的螺旋輸送器向兩側(cè)輸料，攤鋪機(jī)開始向前運行。

　　Therefore, any situation where the asphalt concrete is unloaded in front of the paver by colliding with the top pole of the paver during reverse and unloading without pulling the brake handle should be considered a major mistake by the transport driver. After the material truck unloads the material, the spiral conveyor of the paver transports the material to both sides, and the paver begins to move forward.

　　這時應(yīng)特別注意兩側(cè)的限料器和傳感器，以免出現(xiàn)輸料過量和傳感器從鋼絲上滑落的情況。瀝青混合料經(jīng)熨平板加熱整平后，用壓路機(jī)。攤鋪機(jī)的攤鋪速度也是影響攤鋪質(zhì)量的一個因素，攤鋪速度過快，不但運輸車輛跟不上，壓路機(jī)的工作也不能滿足要求。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，攤鋪速度以3～4m/分鐘為宜。攤鋪機(jī)運行過程中應(yīng)盡量避免停機(jī)，攤鋪機(jī)前應(yīng)有足夠的運輸車輛，最好有三輛裝滿瀝青砼的重車。

　　At this time, special attention should be paid to the limiters and sensors on both sides to avoid excessive feeding and sensor slipping off the steel wire. After heating and leveling the asphalt mixture with an ironing board, use a roller. The paving speed of the paver is also a factor that affects the quality of paving. If the paving speed is too fast, not only can the transport vehicles not keep up, but the work of the roller cannot meet the requirements. Based on experience, a paving speed of 3-4 meters per minute is recommended. During the operation of the paver, it should be avoided to stop as much as possible. There should be sufficient transport vehicles in front of the paver, preferably three heavy vehicles filled with asphalt concrete.

　　7、瀝青砼碾壓

　　7. Asphalt concrete compaction

　　瀝青砼碾壓是黑色路面成活的最后一道工序。由于受大氣溫度、壓路機(jī)性能、瀝青砼混合料的性能、路面厚度等諸多因素的影響，碾壓工藝也隨之變化，碾壓方法，碾壓遍數(shù)都隨之而變化。

　　Asphalt concrete compaction is the final process for the survival of black road surfaces. Due to the influence of various factors such as atmospheric temperature, roller performance, asphalt concrete mixture performance, and pavement thickness, the rolling process, rolling method, and number of passes also change accordingly.

　　當(dāng)瀝青混合料攤鋪一定厚度后，進(jìn)行初壓，因為此時混合料溫度較高，因此采用輕型壓路機(jī)，慢速、均勻碾壓2遍。

　　After the asphalt mixture is spread to a certain thickness, initial compaction is carried out. As the temperature of the mixture is high at this time, a lightweight roller is used to roll it slowly and evenly twice.

　　初壓時應(yīng)檢查平整度、路拱，初壓后應(yīng)采用重型機(jī)進(jìn)行復(fù)壓，碾壓遍數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)實驗段確定的遍數(shù)碾壓達(dá)到要求的密實度，表面無明顯輪跡。碾壓時壓路機(jī)應(yīng)由路邊壓向路中，輪跡重疊應(yīng)滿足規(guī)范要求。

　　During the initial compaction, the flatness and road arch should be checked. After the initial compaction, a heavy-duty machine should be used for re compaction. The number of compaction passes should be determined according to the experimental section to achieve the required density, and there should be no obvious wheel marks on the surface. When rolling, the roller should press from the roadside towards the center of the road, and the overlapping wheel tracks should meet the requirements of the specifications.

　　不得在新鋪瀝青混合料上轉(zhuǎn)向、調(diào)頭，碾壓速度應(yīng)符合規(guī)范中的要求。在復(fù)壓后應(yīng)進(jìn)行終壓，用鋼筒式壓路機(jī)碾壓2遍，使平整度達(dá)到優(yōu)良。

　　Do not turn or turn on newly laid asphalt mixture, and the rolling speed should meet the requirements in the specifications. After re compaction, final compaction should be carried out by rolling twice with a steel drum roller to achieve excellent flatness.

　　8、接頭縫處理

　　8. Joint seam treatment

　　當(dāng)瀝青路面鋪筑結(jié)縫時，可在已壓好的部分上鋪設(shè)一些熱混合料使之預(yù)熱軟化，以加強(qiáng)新舊混合料的粘結(jié)。但在開始碾壓前應(yīng)將預(yù)熱用的混合料鏟除，結(jié)縫應(yīng)做到緊密粘結(jié)，充分壓實、連接平順。結(jié)縫處應(yīng)清掃干凈、切齊、邊緣涂粘層瀝青。

　　When laying joints on asphalt pavement, some hot mixture can be laid on the already pressed part to preheat and soften it, in order to strengthen the bond between the new and old mixture. But before starting the rolling process, the preheating mixture should be removed, and the joints should be tightly bonded, fully compacted, and smoothly connected. The joints should be cleaned and cut neatly, and the edges should be coated with a layer of adhesive asphalt.

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